Review of the renewable energy status and prospects in Pakistan

Ather Hassan, Syed Zafar Ilyas, Hareem Mufti

Abstract


The studies are conducted to discuss and review the status and prospects of renewable energy (solar, wind, and biomass) in Pakistan. The future power demand, as well as the general growth in power consumption, were considered. The findings demonstrated that renewable energy sources like solar, wind, biomass, and hydro are the only remedies to tackle Pakistan's future energy challenges. Moreover, the potential energies of offshore wind, tide waves, ocean terminals, and geothermal need to be investigated and discovered.

The geographical location of the region arrests 7 kWh/m2 solar insolation daily, which can produce 25 MJ of energy. In addition, global irradiation on a horizontal surface can generate 2.4 MWh of energy per annum. Similarly, plains and mountain regions can generate 50,000 MW of electric power.

Additionally, the importance of renewable energy in graduation and post-graduation programs and public awareness has been addressed.

It has been concluded that solar energy is the short-term and best solution to deal with the energy crisis in Pakistan.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Abbasi, A. R., & Rajpar, P. (2021). PREVENTION OF PRODUCTION LOSSES IN PAKISTANI POWER GENCOs DUE TO OPERATOR ERRORS-A QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT. Journal of Business Strategies, 15(1), 59-82.

Ahmad I, Rashid A (2010) Study of geothermal energy resources of Pakistan for electric power generation. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, 32(9), 826-838

Aized, T., Rehman, S. M. S., & Sumair, M. (2021). Pakistan energy situation, policy, and issues. In Recent Advances in Renewable Energy Technologies (pp. 387-428). Academic Press.

Elmassah, S. (2021). Socioeconomic Determinants of Renewable Energy Production in Emerging and Developed Countries.

Guan, Y., Lu, H., Jiang, Y., Tian, P., Qiu, L., Pellikka, P., & Heiskanen, J. (2021). Changes in global climate heterogeneity under the 21st-century global warming. Ecological Indicators, 130, 108075.

Higher Education Commission, Pakistan. (2020) https://hec.gov.pk/english/universities/pages/recognised.aspx#k=

Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan. (2011) Pakistan Energy Year Book

Ilyas, S. Z., Anwar, M., & Nasir, S. M. (2000). Cumulative frequency distribution of solar insolation at Quetta, Pakistan. Renewable energy, 20(1), 83-86.

Ilyas, S. Z., (2006). Estimation of Diffuse Solar radiation on Horizontal Surface at Quetta, Pakistan. Journal of American-Eurasian Journal of scientific research, 1(2),131-134.

Ilyas S. Z. (2007). A Comparison and Estimation of Diffuse Solar Radiation Over Punjab, Pakistan. American Journal of Applied Sciences

Ilyas, S. Z., Nasir, S. M., & Kakae, S. (2007). Estimation and comparison of diffuse solar radiation over Pakistan. International Scientific Journal of Alternative energy and Ecology, ISJAEE, 47(3), 109-111.

Ilyas S. Z. (2007). Utilizing Forest Biomass for Energy in Pakistan: Lessons Learned, Journal of University of Balochistan

Ilyas, S. Z., Nasir, S. M., & Raza, S. M. (1992). The Estimate of Global and Diffuse Radiation at Quetta, Pakistan. In Renewable Energy, Technology and the Environment (pp. 2710-2715). Pergamon.

Ilyas S. Z., Nasir S. M., and Badshah, T. (2004). The Theoretical Analysis for A Flat Plate Collector, Journal of Applied and Emerging Science, BUIT & IMS, Quetta, Balochistan, 1(1),198-208.

Ilyas S. Z., Nasir S. M., and Badshah, T. (2004). Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed of Quetta, Pakistan, Journal of Research (Science), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, 15(4), 391-394.

Ilyas S. Z., Nasir S. M., and Badshah, T. (2005). Wind and Solar Energy in Quetta, Pakistan, Research Journal of University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan, (1), 178-180.

Ilyas S. Z., (2007). Estimation and Comparison of Diffuse Solar Radiation Over Sindh and Punjab, Pakistan, Science International Journal, Lahore

Ilyas S. Z., and Sadik K. (2006). The Wind Potential In Coastal Areas Of Balochistan, Pakistan, American – Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 1 (1), 52-54

International Energy Agency (2020) Data and statistics https://www.iea.org/countries/pakistan

Irfan, M., Zhao, Z. Y., Panjwani, M. K., Mangi, F. H., Li, H., Jan, A., ... & Rehman, A. (2020). Assessing the energy dynamics of Pakistan: prospects of biomass energy. Energy Reports, 6, 80-93.

Jenkins, M. W., & Sugden, S. (2006). Human development report 2006. New York: United Nations Development Programme.

Khan, F. K. (1991). Geography of Pakistan: environment, people, and economy. Oxford University Press.

Mirza, U. K., Ahmad, N., & Majeed, T. (2008). An overview of biomass energy utilization in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(7), 1988-1996.

Minh, P., & Presenter, D. (2021). DRY REFORMING OF METHANE OVER NICKEL-BASED CATALYSTS FOR SYNGAS PRODUCTION BR DE VASCONCELOS, D. PHAM MINH, P. SHARROCK, A. NZIHOU Mines Albi, CNRS, Centre RAPSODEE, Univ. Toulouse, Campus Jarlard, F-81013 Albi Cedex 09, France Climate changes caused by greenhouse gases emissions, especially CO 2, have driven scientists to develop technologies for CO 2 utilization. Moreover, increases in energy demand and depletion of carbon-based resources have shown the need for substitution of fossil fuels for .... CEP.

Mahmood, A., Wang, X., Shahzad, A. N., Fiaz, S., Ali, H., Naqve, M., ... & Dong, R. (2021). Perspectives on Bioenergy Feedstock Development in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities. Sustainability, 13(15), 8438.

World Population Review. (2021). https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/pakistan- population

Pakistan Economic Survey. (2020). Economic Advisor's Wing, Ministry of Finance. https://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_20/PES_2019_20.pdf

Power technology. (2021). https://www.power-technology.com/comment/smart-grid/

Government of Pakistan. (2010). Mid Term Development Framework (2005-10), Planning Commission, Islamabad

The American Institute of Pakistan Studies. (2021). https://www.pakistanstudies- aips.org/pakistan/geography)

Rehman, A., & Deyuan, Z. (2018). Pakistan’s energy scenario: a forecast of commercial energy consumption and supply from different sources through 2030. Energy, sustainability and society, 8(1), 1-5.

Pakistan’s Power Future (2018) http://ieefa.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Pakistans- Power- Future_December-2018.pdf

Nasir S. M., and Ilyas S. Z. (2005). Wind as an Alternate Source of Energy, Research Journal of University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan, 3(3) 165-174.

Nasir, S. M., Raza, S. M., & Raja, I. A. (1992). Distribution of wind power resource over Pakistan. Renewable energy, 2(4-5), 411-420.

Nasir, S. M., and Raza, S. M. (1993). Wind and solar energy in Pakistan. Energy, 18(4), 397-399.

Pakistan energy outlook. (2021). http://www.pip.org.pk/newsupdates/PEO%202007-08%20to%202021-22.pdf

Solangi, K. H., Islam, M. R., Saidur, R., Rahim, N. A., & Fayaz, H. (2011). A review on global solar energy policy. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 15(4), 2149-2163.

Tahir, Z. R., & Asim, M. (2018). Surface measured solar radiation data and solar energy resource assessment of Pakistan: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 2839- 2861.

Yusaf, T., Goh, S., & Borserio, J. A. (2011). Potential of renewable energy alternatives in Australia. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 15(5), 2214-2221.

Zaigham, N. A., & Nayyar, Z. A. (2010). Renewable hot dry rock geothermal energy source and its potential in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(3), 1124-1129.

Zaigham, N. A., Nayyar, Z. A., & Hisamuddin, N. (2009). Review of geothermal energy resources in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(1), 223-232.




DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.20508/ijsmartgrid.v5i4.220.g174

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


www.ijsmartgrid.com; www.ijsmartgrid.org

iilhcol@gmail.com; ijsmartgrid@nisantasi.edu.tr

Online ISSN: 2602-439X

Publisher: ilhami COLAK (istanbul Nisantasi Univ)

Cited in Google Scholar and CrossRef