A Cybersecurity Model for the Enhancement of WiMAX-based Wireless Communications Infrastructure to Serve Smart Grid Applications

Firas Alsharbaty, Qutaiba I. Ali

Abstract


This research paper addresses on a secured wireless communications network (WCN) based on WiMAX infrastructure for smart grid applications. The proposed infrastructure consists of WiMAX base stations (BSs) enhanced by edge computing to assimilate the various types of smart grid applications (real time applications and non-real time applications) like wide area monitoring and control (WAMC), video surveillance, tariffs, alarm, and demand side management (DSM). The current work adopts a robust cybersecurity model for the suggested WCN and discusses the possible threats and attacks on the security model.  The results indicated that, the WCN based on decentralized processing and self-powered can handle the adopted applications of smart grid successfully. Further, the results explained that the ciphering technique of cybersecurity model does not break the requirements of real time applications’ system performance in terms of latency and received data reliability.


Full Text:

PDF

References


M. Deruyck et al., “Power consumption in wireless access network,” in 2010 European Wireless Conference (EW), Apr. 2010, pp. 924–931. doi: 10.1109/EW.2010.5483506.

J. Qi, A. Hahn, X. Lu, J. Wang, and C.-C. Liu, “Cybersecurity for distributed energy resources and smart inverters,” IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory & Applications, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 28–39, 2016, doi: 10.1049/iet-cps.2016.0018.

J.-L. Batard, Y. Chollot, P. Pipet, L. Lamberti, and A. Gauci, “Cybersecurity for modern distribution automation grids,” CIRED - Open Access Proceedings Journal, vol. 2017, no. 1, pp. 1002–1005, Oct. 2017, doi: 10.1049/oap-cired.2017.1328.

S. Xu, Y. Qian, and R. Q. Hu, “Reliable and resilient access network design for advanced metering infrastructures in smart grid,” IET Smart Grid, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 24–30, Apr. 2018, doi: 10.1049/iet-stg.2018.0008.

M. Zeinali and J. Thompson, “Comprehensive practical evaluation of wired and wireless internet base smart grid communication,” IET Smart Grid, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 522–535, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1049/stg2.12023.

M. Islam, M. M. Uddin, M. A. A. Mamun, and M. A. Kader, “Performance analysis of AMI distributed area network using WiMAX technology,” in 2014 9th International Forum on Strategic Technology (IFOST), Oct. 2014, pp. 152–155. doi: 10.1109/IFOST.2014.6991093.

P. P. S. Priya and V. Saminadan, “Performance analysis of WiMAX based Smart grid communication traffic priority model,” in 2014 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, Apr. 2014, pp. 778–782. doi: 10.1109/ICCSP.2014.6949949.

G. D. Castellanos and J. Y. Khan, “Performance analysis of WiMAX polling service for smart grid meter reading applications,” in 2012 IEEE Colombian Communications Conference (COLCOM), May 2012, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/ColComCon.2012.6233661.

B. Al-Omar, T. Landolsi, and A. Al-Ali, “Evaluation of WiMAX Technology in Smart Grid Communications,” J. Commun., 2015, doi: 10.12720/jcm.10.10.804-811.

O. Neagu and W. Hamouda, “Performance of WiMAX for smart grid applications,” in 2016 International Conference on Selected Topics in Mobile Wireless Networking (MoWNeT), Apr. 2016, pp. 1–5. doi: 10.1109/MoWNet.2016.7496613.

H. Khan, Reduan, and Y. Khan. Jamil "Wide area PMU communication over a WiMAX network in the smart grid." 2012 IEEE third international conference on smart grid communications (SmartGridComm). IEEE, 2012.?

J. Akram, A. Tahir, H. S. Munawar, A. Akram, A. Z. Kouzani, and M. A. P. Mahmud, “Cloud- and Fog-Integrated Smart Grid Model for Efficient Resource Utilisation,” Sensors, vol. 21, no. 23, Art. no. 23, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.3390/s21237846.

N. Mishra, V. Kumar, and G. Bhardwaj, “Role of Cloud Computing in Smart Grid,” in 2019 International Conference on Automation, Computational and Technology Management (ICACTM), Apr. 2019, pp. 252–255. doi: 10.1109/ICACTM.2019.8776750.

M. Talaat, A. S. Alsayyari, A. Alblawi, and A. Y. Hatata, “Hybrid-cloud-based data processing for power system monitoring in smart grids,” Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 55, p. 102049, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102049.

M. Forcan and M. Maksimovi?, “Cloud-Fog-based approach for Smart Grid monitoring,” Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, vol. 101, p. 101988, May 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.simpat.2019.101988.

F. Alsharbaty and Q. Ali, “Self-Powered Wide Area Infrastructure Based on WiMAX for Real Time Applications of Smart Grid,” Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 18, pp. 92–100, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.37917/ijeee.18.2.12.

F. S. Alsharbaty and Q. I. Ali, “RESILIENCE AND SELF-POWERED WIMAX SYSTEM ENHANCED BY FOG COMPUTING FOR SMART GRID APPLICATIONS,” Quantum Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, vol. 3, no. 2, Art. no. 2, Jul. 2022.

“IEEE Standard for Synchrophasor Data Transfer for Power Systems,” IEEE Std C37.118.2-2011 (Revision of IEEE Std C37.118-2005), pp. 1–53, Dec. 2011, doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2011.6111222.

Obaidat, M., Anpalagan, A., & Woungang, I. (Eds.). (2012). Handbook of green information and communication systems. Academic press.?

D. Babazadeh, M. Chenine, K. Zhu, L. Nordström, and A. Al-Hammouri, “A platform for wide area monitoring and control system ICT analysis and development,” presented at the 2013 IEEE Grenoble Conference, 2013, pp. 1–7.

P. Parikh, “Investigation of Wireless LAN for IEC 61850 based Smart Distribution Substations,” Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository, Aug. 2012, [Online]. Available: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/869

A. C. Z. de Souza and M. Castilla, Microgrids design and implementation. Springer, 2019.

Y. He, “Smart metering infrastructure for distribution network operation,” Diss. Cardiff University, 2016.

M. H. Alsharif, “Comparative Analysis of Solar-Powered Base Stations for Green Mobile Networks,” Energies, vol. 10, no. 8, Art. no. 8, Aug. 2017, doi: 10.3390/en10081208.

M. Deruyck et al., “Power consumption in wireless access network,” in 2010 European Wireless Conference (EW), Apr. 2010, pp. 924–931. doi: 10.1109/EW.2010.5483506.

F. E. Office, “Mobile WiMAX Base Station Architecture and RF Technology,” FUJITSU Sci. Tech. J., p. 8, 2008.

“A Solar-Powered WiMAX Base Station Solution,” studylib.net. https://studylib.net/doc/18419484/a-solar-powered-wimax-base-station-solution (accessed May 13, 2022).

Muller, P., Sharif, H., & Tang, S. Y. (Eds.). (2011). WiMAX security and quality of service: an end-to-end perspective. John Wiley & Sons.?

K. Scarfone, C. Tibbs, and M. Sexton, Guide to Securing WiMAX Wireless Communications: Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012.

N. Seddigh, B. Nandy, R. Makkar, and J. F. Beaumont, “Security advances and challenges in 4G wireless networks,” in 2010 Eighth International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust, Aug. 2010, pp. 62–71. doi: 10.1109/PST.2010.5593244.

C. Kolias, G. Kambourakis, and S. Gritzalis, “Attacks and Countermeasures on 802.16: Analysis and Assessment,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 487–514, 2013, doi: 10.1109/SURV.2012.021312.00138.

M. S. Rahman and M. Md. S. Kowsar, “WiMAX security analysis and enhancement,” in 2009 12th International Conference on Computers and Information Technology, Dec. 2009, pp. 679–684. doi: 10.1109/ICCIT.2009.5407321.

A. Sanjay P. and C. Nicole, “An Assessment of WiMax Security,” Communications and Network, vol. 2010, May 2010, doi: 10.4236/cn.2010.22020.

P. Schoinas, “Secure military communications on 3G, 4G and WiMAX,” Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. Accessed: Aug. 09, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://calhoun.nps.edu/handle/10945/37712

K. Scarfone, C. Tibbs, and M. Sexton, “Guide to Securing WiMAX Wireless Communications,” National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-127 (Withdrawn), Sep. 2010. doi: 10.6028/NIST.SP.800-127.

S. Woo and G. Jeong, “A Study of WiMAX Security threats and Their Solution,” International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 66–74, 2016, doi: 10.7236/IJIBC.2016.8.2.66.

J. Jiang, H. Mao, R. Shao, and Y. Xu, “Formal Verification and Improvement of the PKMv3 Protocol Using CSP,” in 2018 IEEE 42nd Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), Jul. 2018, vol. 02, pp. 682–687. doi: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2018.10318.

S. Xu, S. Yang, and K. Zhang, “Formal Analysis of SA-TEK 3-Way Handshake Protocols,” J. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. (Sci.), Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s12204-021-2340-2.

M. R. K. Siddiqui and S. M. A. Rahman, Security analysis of the WiMAX technology in Wireless Mesh networks. 2009. Accessed: Nov. 11, 2022. [Online]. Available: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3039

P. K. Panda and S. Chattopadhyay, “A modified PKM environment for the security enhancement of IEEE 802.16e,” Computer Standards & Interfaces, vol. 61, pp. 107–120, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.csi.2018.06.002.

A. Braeken, “Public key versus symmetric key cryptography in client–server authentication protocols,” Int. J. Inf. Secur., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 103–114, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10207-021-00543-w.

R. Siqueira de Carvalho, P. Kumar Sen, Y. Nag Velaga, L. Feksa Ramos, and L. Neves Canha, “Communication System Design for an Advanced Metering Infrastructure,” Sensors, vol. 18, no. 11, Art. no. 11, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.3390/s18113734.

F. Gómez-Cuba, R. Asorey-Cacheda, and F. J. González-Castaño, “WiMAX for smart grid last-mile communications: TOS traffic mapping and performance assessment,” in 2012 3rd IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe), Oct. 2012, pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2012.6465616.

Al-Omar, Ban, Taha Landolsi, and Abdul-Rahman Al-Ali. "Evaluation of WiMAX Technology in Smart Grid Communications." J. Commun. 10.10 (2015): 804-811.?

O. Neagu, “WiMAX for Smart Grid Applications and the Influence of Impulsive Noise,” masters, Concordia University, 2015. Accessed: May 01, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/id/eprint/980660/

S. Premkumar, Dr. V. Saminadan, and Pondicherry Engineering College, “Performance Analysis of WLAN-WiMAX Smart Distribution Grid,” IJERT, vol. V4, no. 08, p. IJERTV4IS080595, Aug. 2015, doi: 10.17577/IJERTV4IS080595.




DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.20508/ijsmartgrid.v7i1.270.g256

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


www.ijsmartgrid.com; www.ijsmartgrid.org

iilhcol@gmail.com; ijsmartgrid@nisantasi.edu.tr

Online ISSN: 2602-439X

Publisher: ilhami COLAK (istanbul Nisantasi Univ)

Cited in Google Scholar and CrossRef