Real Time Assessment of Robust Power Control based DFIG-WT: Power Quality Enhancement Delivered to the AC Balanced Load using dSPACE-1103

Fayssal AMRANE, Azeddine CHAIBA, Habib BENBOUHENNI, Bruno FRANCOIS, Oussama GHEROUAT, Hichem ITOUCHENE

Abstract


The increasing demand for reliable and efficient renewable energy systems has intensified the need for advanced control strategies in Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion Systems (VSWECS), particularly when operating in stand-alone mode. Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs) require precise and robust power control to maintain stable operation under varying wind and load conditions. Addressing this challenge, this paper presents the hardware implementation of a Vector Power Control (VPC) strategy for DFIGs operating in stand-alone mode within VSWECS. The proposed VPC approach employs robust Integral–Proportional (IP) controllers to regulate the Rotor Side Converter (RSC) through the d–q components of the rotor current (Ird* and Irq*) using an AC-DC-AC converter. The control scheme is experimentally implemented on a dSPACE dS1103 platform and evaluated during both under-synchronous and over-synchronous operation (below and above the 1500 rpm synchronous speed). Experimental results demonstrate that the IP-based control significantly improves dynamic performance, ensures high system stability, and achieves effective decoupled power control of the DFIG-driven wind turbine.

Keywords


Direct Power Control (DPC), Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), Integral-Proportional (IP), Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), dSPACE dS1103.

Full Text:

PDF

References


B. Debnath, M. S. Shakur, M. T. Siraj, A.B.M. M. Bari, and A. R. M. T. Islam, “Analyzing the factors influencing the wind energy adoption in Bangladesh: A pathway to sustainability for emerging economies”. Energy Strategy Reviews, vol. 50, pp. 101265, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2023.101265

T.-Z. Ang, M. Salem, M. Kamarol, H. S. Das, M. A. Nazari, and N. Prabaharan, “A comprehensive study of renewable energy sources: Classifications, challenges and suggestions”, Energy Strategy Reviews, vol.43, pp.100939, 2022.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2022.100939

H. Benbouhenni, I. Colak, Z.M.S Elbarbary, and M. I. Shaik, “Reducing power ripple for multi-rotor wind energy systems using FOPDPI controllers”, Sci Rep 15, pp. 12524, 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96625-z

C. C. W. Chang, T. J. Ding, T. J. Ping, K. C. Chao, and M. A. S. Bhuiyan, “Getting more from the wind: Recent advancements and challenges in generators development for wind turbines”, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol.53, Part C, pp. 102731, 2022.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2022.102731

K. Liu, W. Chen, G. Chen, D. Dai, C. Ai, X. Zhang, and X. Wang, “Application and analysis of hydraulic wind power generation technology”, Energy Strategy Reviews, vol.48, pp. 101117, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2023.101117

Z.B. Duranay, H. Güldemir, and B. Co?kun, “The role of wind turbine siting in achieving sustainable energy goals”, Processes, vol.12, pp. 2900, 2024.

https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122900

F. Amrane, A. Chaiba, and B. François, “Improved adaptive nonlinear control for variable speed wind turbine Fed by direct matrix converter”. Revue Roumaine des Sciences Techniques-Série Électrotechnique et Énergétique, vol. 68, pp. 58–64, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.59277/RRST-EE.2023.68.1.10

A. Milles, E.Merabet, H. Benbouhenni, N. Debdouche, and I. Colak, “Robust control technique for wind turbine system with interval type-2 fuzzy strategy on a dual star induction generator”, Energy Reports, vol.11, pp. 2715-2736, 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.01.060

F. Blaabjerg, M. Chen, and L. Huang, “Power electronics in wind generation systems”, Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering, vol.1, pp. 234-250, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44287-024-00032-x

R.I. Bolaños, H. Pinto Vega, L.F Grisales-Noreña, O.D. Montoya, and J.C Hernández, “Intelligent active and reactive power management for wind-based distributed generation in microgrids via advanced metaheuristic optimization”, Appl. Syst. Innov, vol.8, pp.87, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi8040087

H. Itouchene, Z. Boudries, and F. Amrane, “Improved power control based variable speed wind-turbine DFIG under hard work conditions: application of sliding mode theory”, Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, vol.68, pp. 392–412, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPee.36760

H. Itouchene, F. Amrane and Z. Boudries, "Robust control of DFIG wind turbines in sub/super synchronous operation using integral backstepping controller", Journal of Renewable Energies, vol.1, p. 23–31, 2024. https://doi.org/10.54966/jreen.v1i1.1170

H. Saboori , H. Pishbahar, S. Dehghan, G.Strbac, N. Amjady, D. Novosel, and V. Terzija, "Reactive power implications of penetrating inverter-based renewable and storage resources in future grids toward energy transition-A review", Proceedings of the IEEE, vol.113, pp. 66-104, 2025,

https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2025.3555509

H. Benbouhenni, I. Colak, N. Bizon, and E. Abdelkarim, “Fractional-order neural control of a DFIG supplied by a two-level PWM inverter for dual-rotor wind turbine system”, Measurement and Control, vol.57, pp. 301-318, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1177/00202940231201375

Y. Sahri, S. Tamalouzt, F. Hamoudi, S. Lalouni Belaid, M. Bajaj, M. M. Alharthi, M. S. Alzaidi, and S. S.M. Ghoneim, “New intelligent direct power control of DFIG-based wind conversion system by using machine learning under variations of all operating and compensation modes”, Energy Reports, vol.7, pp: 6394-6412, 2021.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.09.075

M. N. Aboozar, T. Behrouz, and S.Farnaz, “Power control of a grid-connected doubly fed induction generator using H? control and Kalman filter”, International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol.19, pp. 3771752, 2022.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3771752

Y. Cao, C. Shi, X. Li, M. Li, and J. Bian, “Unbalanced position recognition of rotor systems based on long and short-term memory neural networks”, Machines, 12, pp.865, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12120865

V. Abramenko, I. Petrov , and J. Pyrhönen, “Variable reluctance resolver with a modular stator: main design aspects”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol.61, pp.6236- 6247, 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2025.3546911

H. Alrajhi, Y. Al-Harbi, A. Al-Zahrani, S. A. Raza, · A. Daraz, and M. Al?Kaabi1, “Comprehensive analysis of PI tuning techniques for VSC applications”, J. Umm Al-Qura Univ. Eng.Archit, 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s43995-025-00139-8

M. Khan, W. Wu, and L. Li, “Grid-forming control for inverter-based resources in power systems: A review on its operation, system stability, and prospective”, IET Renew. Power Gener, vol.18, pp.887–907, 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.12991

M. Li, Y. Wang, W. Hu, S. Shu, P. Yu, Z. Zhang, and F. Blaabjerg, “Unified modeling and analysis of dynamic power coupling for grid-forming converters”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol.37, pp.2321-2337, 2022.

https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2021.3107329

F. Amrane, B. Francois, and A. Chaiba, “Experimental investigation of efficient and simple wind-turbine based on DFIG-direct power control using LCL-Filter for stand-alone mode”, ISA Transactions, vol. 125, pp. 631–664, 2022.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2021.07.008

H. Benbouhenni, I. Colak, M.Yessef, Z.M.S. Elbarbary, and N. Bizon, “Feedback action and genetic algorithm-based proportional-integral controller to improve the performance of the direct power control of a variable-speed contra-rotating wind turbine generation system”, Energy Reports, vol.13, pp. 2153-2173, 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2025.01.064

R. Inomoto, A. J. Sguarezi Filho, J. R. Monteiro, and E. C. Marques da Costa, “Genetic algorithm based tuning of sliding mode controllers for a boost converter of PV system using internet of things environment”, Results in Control and Optimization, vol.14, pp.100389, 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rico.2024.100389

M.Z. Mohd Tumari, M.A. Ahmad, M.H Suid, and M.R Hao, “An improved marine predators algorithm-tuned fractional-order PID controller for automatic voltage regulator system”, Fractal Fract., vol.7, pp.561, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7070561

A. M. Mossa, H. Echeikh, A.A.Z. Diab, and N.V Quynh, “Effective direct power control for a sensor-less doubly fed induction generator with a losses minimization criterion”, Electronics, vol.9, pp.1269, 2020.

https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081269

M. Hamidat, A. M. Massoud and K. Kouzi, “Nonlinear control of brushless dual-fed induction generator with a flywheel energy storage system for improved system performance”, IEEE Access, vol. 13, pp. 52036-52050, 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3552703

M. Soomro, Z.A Memon, M.H Baloch, N.H Mirjat, L. Kumar, Q.T Tran, and G. Zizzo, “Performance improvement of grid-integrated doubly fed induction generator under asymmetrical and symmetrical faults”, Energies, vol.16, pp. 3350, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16083350

A. Loulijat, H. Chojaa, M. El marghichi, N. Ettalabi, A. Hilali, A. Mouradi, A.Y Abdelaziz, Z.M.S Elbarbary, and M.A Mossa, “Enhancement of LVRT ability of DFIG wind turbine by an improved protection scheme with a modified advanced nonlinear control loop”, Processes, vol.11, pp 1417, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051417

A. Dida, F. Merahi, and S. Mekhilef, “New grid synchronization and power control scheme of doubly-fed induction generator based wind turbine system using fuzzy logic control”, Computers & Electrical Engineering, vol.84, pp.106647, 2020.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2020.106647

H. Itouchene, F. Amrane, O. Gherouat, Z. Boudries, S. Mekhilef, P. Thonthong, and N. Bizon, “Design and implementation of a grey wolf optimization-based higher-order sliding mode controller for a DFIG-based wind turbine using dSPACE 1104”, Energy Reports, 14(4), pp.4324-4352, 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2025.11.040

H. Itouchene, F. Amrane, Z. Boudries, et al. “Enhancing the performance of grid-connected DFIG systems using prescribed convergence law”, Sci Rep 15, 28550, 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13847-x

H. Itouchene, F. Amrane, and Z. Boudries, “A robust maximum power point tracking control strategy for doubly-fed induction generator wind turbines using advanced sliding mode control under variable wind conditions”, Scientia Iranica, In Press, 2025

https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2025.64527.8992

F. Amrane, O. Gherouat, H. Itouchene, K. B. O. Medani, A. Chaiba, H. Benbouhenni, and N. Bizon, "Novel adaptive power control based 3L-VSI for variable-speed wind turbine: HIL-Experimental investigation", Energy Reports, 14(4), pp.4654-4687, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2025.11.059

F. Amrane, O. Gherouat, B. Francois, H. Itouchene, K. B. O. Medani, A. Chaiba and Y. Belkhier, "Robust PSO-Optimized Power Control for Stand-alone Variable-Speed DFIG Wind based High Stability and Power Quality Enhancement: Hardware Investigation based dSPACE1103", International Journal of Energy Research, vol.2025, ID 2004125, 29 pages, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1155/er/2004125

F. Amrane, B. Francois and A. Chaiba, “Hardware Implementation study of Variable Speed Wind-Turbine-DFIG in stand-alone mode”, 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, EPE 2020 ECCE Europe, Sept 7-11, 2020, Lyon-France. https://10.23919/epe20ecceeurope43536.2020.9215946

S. Kadi, H. Benbouhenni, E. Abdelkarim, K. Imarazene, El M. Berkouk, “Implementation of third-order sliding mode for power control and maximum power point tracking in DFIG-based wind energy systems”, Energy Reports, Vol: 10 , pp. 3561-3579, 2023

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.09.187

A. Sakouchi, A. Djahbar, E. Bounadja, H. Benbouhenni, A. Iqbal, A. Moualdia, A. Kechida, “Enhanced control of grid-connected multi-machine wind power generation”, Energy Reports, vol. 12, pp. 4208–4231, 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.09.077

K. N. Khallouf, Z. Laid, H. Benbouhenni, N. Debdouche, Z.M.S. Elbarbary. “Adaptive fuzzy logic control for microgrid-connected hybrid photovoltaic/ wind generation systems”, Energy Reports, vol. 12, pp. 4741–4756, 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.10.042

H. Benbouhenni, E. Bounadja, H. Gasmi, N. Bizon, I. Colak, “A new PD-(1+PI) direct power controller for the variable-speed multi-rotor wind power system driven doubly-fed asynchronous generator”, Energy Reports, vol. 8, pp. 15584–15594, 2022.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.11.136

H. Benbouhenni, N. Bizon, I. Colak, Z. M. S. Elbarbary, S. F. Al-Gahtani, “Controlling the energies of the single-rotor large wind turbine system using a new controller”, Scientific Reports, vol. 15, 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87832-9

D. Zellouma , Y. Bekakra , H. Benbouhenni, “Robust synergetic-sliding mode-based-backstepping control of induction motor with MRAS technique”, Energy Reports, vol. 10, pp. 3665–3680, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.10.035

H. Benbouhenni M. Yessef, NicuBizon, S. Kadi, A. Alhejji, B. Bossoufi, “HIL test verification of PDPI control of induction generator?based multi?rotor wind turbine systems”, Energy Science & Engineering, pp. 140–159, 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1976

A. Nadhim J. Almakki, A. Mazalov, H. Benbouhenni, N. Bizon, “Comparison of two fractional-order high-order SMC techniques for DFIG-based wind turbines: Theory and Simulation Results”, ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications, vol. 21, no. 2, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2023212.249817

D. Zellouma, Y. Bekakra, H. Benbouhenn, “Field-oriented control based on parallel proportional-integral controllers of induction motor drive”, Energy Reports, vol. 9, pp. 4846–4860, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.04.008

H. Gasmi, H. Benbouhenni, S. Mendaci, I. Colak, “A new scheme of the fractional-order super twisting algorithm for asynchronous generator-based wind turbine”, Energy Reports, vol. 9, pp. 6311-6327, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.05.267

H. Benbouhenni, H. Gasmi , I. Colak, N. Bizon, P. Thounthong, “Synergetic PI controller based on genetic algorithm for DPC PWM strategy of a multi rotor wind power system”, Scientific Reports, vol. 13, 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40870-7

D. Zellouma, H. Benbouhenni, Y. Bekakra, “Backstepping control based on a third-order sliding mode controller to regulate the torque and flux of asynchronous motor drive”, Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 67, no.1, pp. 10–20, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.3311/PPee.20333

H. Chojaa, A. Derouich, O. Zamzoum, S. Mahfoud, M. Taoussi and H. Albalawi, “Novel DPC approach for DFIG-based variable speed wind power systems using Dspace”, IEEE Power & Energy Society Section, vol. 11, pp. 9493– 9509, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3237511

M. Yessef; H. Benbouhenni, M. Taoussi; A. Lagrioui; I. Colak and B. Bossoufi, “Experimental validation of feedback PI controllers for multi-rotor wind energy conversion systems”, IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 7071-7088, 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3351355

H. Benbouhenni, M. I. Mosaad, I. Colak, N. Bizon, H. Gasmi, M. Aljohani, and E. Abdelkarim, “Fractional-order synergetic control of the asynchronous generator-based variable-speed multi-rotor wind power systems”, IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 133490-133508, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3335902

M. Yessef; H. Benbouhenni; M. Taoussi; A. Lagrioui; I. Colak and S. Mobayen, “Real-time validation of intelligent super-twisting sliding mode control for variable-speed DFIG using dSPACE 1104 board”, IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 31892-31915, 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3367828

H. Benbouhenni, H. Gasmi, M. Oproescu, N. Bizon, P. Thounthong and I. Colak, “Application of fractional order synergetic proportional integral controller based on PSO algorithm to improve the output power of the wind turbine power system”, Scientific Reports, vol. 14, 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51156-x

M. Yessef, M. Taoussi, H. Benbouhenni, A. Lagrioui, I. Colak, H. Ameziane, B. Majout and B. Bossoufi, “Two different controllers-based DPC of the doubly-fed induction generator with real-time implementation on dSPACE 1104 controller board”, Measurement and Control, vol. 57, no.8, pp. 1123–1145 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1177/00202940241236288

H. Zekraoui, T. Ouchbel, M. L. El Hafyani, M. El Fahssi, B. Majout, B. Bossoufi, P. Skruch, A. Zhilenkov, and S. Mobayen, “Experimental implementation of design of an asynchronous machine-based wind emulator using Backstepping control”, Scientific Reports, vol. 15, 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94042-w

H. Benbouhenni, M. Yessef, I. Colak, N. Bizon, H. Kotb, K. M. Abo RasandA. EL-rashidi, “Dynamic performance of rotor side nonlinear control technique for doubly fed multi rotor wind energy based on improved super twisting algorithms under variable wind speed”, Scientific Reports, vol. 14, 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-55271-7

H. Gasmi, H. Benbouhenni, I. Colak, T. Tafticht, N. Bizon. “Using the proportional dual integral strategy to improve the characteristics of the indirect field-oriented control of DFIG-based wind turbine systems”, e-Prime-Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, vol. 9, 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prime.2024.100749

M. Rostami, S. M. Madani, & S. Ademi, “Sensorless closed-loop voltage and frequency control of stand-alone DFIGs introducing direct flux-vector control”. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 67, 6078–6088, 2020.

https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2019.2955421

V.-T. Phan, & H.-H. Lee, “Stationary frame control scheme for a stand-alone doubly fed induction generator system with effective harmonic voltages rejection”. IET Electr. Power Appl. 5, 697–707, 2011.

https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2010.0280

Y. Zhang, J. Hu, & J. Zhu, “Three-vectors-based predictive direct power control of the doubly fed induction generator for wind energy applications”. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 29, 3485–3500 (2014).

https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2282405

M. S. Chabani, M. T. Benchouia, A. Golea, A. Y. Abdealziz, & M. A. Mossa, “A new sensor-less voltage and frequency control of stand-alone DFIG based dead-beat direct-rotor flux control-experimental validation”. ISA Trans. 158, 715–734, 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2024.12.039

F. Bouchafaa, D. Beriber, & M. S. Boucherit, “Modeling and control of a gird connected PV generation system”. In 18th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation, MED’10 315–320, 2010.

https://doi.org/10.1109/MED.2010.5547687

F. Boucetta, M. Alturki, A. Albaker, et al. "Robust direct voltage control of stand-alone DFIG wind systems using a fractional-order fuzzy logic approach”. Sci Rep 15, 28762, 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11910-1

F. Amrane, H. Itouchene, "Enhanced Fuzzy-Power Control for WECS based on Variable wind speed-driven DFIG using SVM strategy under sub- and super-synchronous operating modes", Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2025.

https://doi.org/10.3311/PPee.39807

H. Itouchene, F. Amrane, Z. Boudries, et al. "design of a robust controller using Lyapunov function for DFIG wind turbines," International Conference on Advances in Electrical and Communication Technologies (ICAECOT), Setif, Algeria, pp. 1-5, 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAECOT62402.2024.10829237




DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.20508/ijsmartgrid.v10i2.558.g424

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


www.ijsmartgrid.com; www.ijsmartgrid.org

ilhcol@gmail.com; icolak@gazi.edu.tr

Online ISSN: 2602-439X

Publisher: ilhami COLAK

https://www.ilhamicolak.org/english.htm

Cited in SCOPUS Q1, SCIMAGO, Google Scholar and CrossRef

 

 

LinkedIn Logo Follow us on LinkedIn

Google Scholar Statistics of ijSmartGrid

https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qP9ZUKAAAAAJ&hl=tr&authuser=1 

 

SCIMAGO information:

https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21101271431&tip=sid&clean=0#google_vignette

Q2, h-index:13